The Film, But A Good Kind Of Cheese - 1361 Words

A Cheesy Film, But a Good Kind of Cheese Daughter of Darkness, a euro-horror film was released in 1971 in a time where art was transcending to a new place. This place was one that had very little remnants of classic culture as things tended to look futuristic, fashion tended to be flamboyant and what in previous times would have been considered risquà © or totally inappropriate became something that would not raise too many eye-brows. Daughters of Darkness is constructed with all those traits typical of 70’s art and it does so in a way that is considered â€Å"cheesy†, however at the same time the film provides a fascinating take on the Elizabeth Bathroy by combining elements of mythological and historical vampires in combination with modern day religious thoughts thus creating a horror film on the surface but something with much more meaning underneath. One of the main horror elements is setting. The setting in Daughters of Darkness is not particularly horrifying thou gh. The film begins with the two newlyweds Stefan and Valerie on a broken down train which thus traps them at a hotel until they can reach their destination. The seaside hotel they stay at gives a sense of decrepitness and abandonment to it as the film takes place during the winter so no one else is checked into the hotel. The hotel and the surrounding areas have very little color to them the entire film almost seems like it is mainly composed of different shades of gray black and white with the occasionallyShow MoreRelatedThe Need for Censorship in the Media Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesout scenes which may mentally affect us for example a film about poverty and the working class which could trigger a revolution because our minds are not mentally strong able to take that it is just a film. We might even need censorship in some movies to protect young people fro m watching adult movies which could change them for a short or long term period. 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Even though this is what i got out of the movie, this movie is actually so complex that i believe there are at leastRead MoreEssay about Spartan and Persian Ideology 1041 Words   |  5 PagesGood afternoon, I’ve been asked to speak with you about the historical accuracy of recent popular culture incarnations of both Spartan and Persian ideology and in particular I’ve chosen to evaluate Zack Snyder’s 2007, movie 300 in order to demonstrate to you it’s compatibility between ancient sourced depictions of both Spartan and Persian philosophy. From this evaluation and historical representations given by philosophers and historians during approximately the same era that is represented withinRead MoreWho Is An Antisocial Personality Disorder?1459 Words   |  6 Pagescharacterized by something wrong with the person s conscience. Sociopaths only care about fulfilling their own needs and desires. Everything and everybody else is mentally twisted around in their minds. They often believe they are doing something good for society, or at least nothing that bad (dsm-iv-definition-of sociopath). Sociopath is common in politics and business because in both they often well liked for the reason of their charm and high charisma, yet they do not usually care about otherRead MoreHow Cobs Organic Popcorn - Lightly Salted1026 Words   |  5 Pagesartificial. Consumers would buy this product because healthy and great tasting. It is better than other snacks and junk foods. The Cobs Naturals range is available in other flavors, such as: cheddar cheese, sea salt and caramel etc. (see figure 2). It is available 40g and120g sizes. The small packet is a good choice for a snack when you are on the go. The large packets are prefect to serve and sharing. In my opinion, buyer would be very hard to find better natural popcorn anywhere. 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The Cognitive Theory Of Emotion - 1379 Words

Based on Tom’s feelings of anger, the theory of emotion described in the text that best fits his feelings at the time is cognitive-appraisal theory. The cognitive-appraisal theory states that â€Å"if a person notices a particular psychological response, that person has to decide what it means before he or she can feel an emotion† (Baird 195). In Tom’s case, about halfway through his Milgram’s experiment, his heartrate starts increasing and he starts sweating. He then stands up angry and declares that what is going on is wrong. He then proceeds to slam his fists on the table and say he will no longer participate. Tom’s reactions are following the cognitive-appraisal theory of emotion as he first must process what he is feeling about his heart†¦show more content†¦The drive-reduction theory of motivation might help explain why Tom walked out. The book states that â€Å"departures from the optimal states creates drives† (Baird 200). Du ring this experiment, Tom was removed from his optimal state as he began to sweat, his heartrate increased, he became angry, and stated what was going on was wrong and he no longer would participate. Nonregulatory drives involved in the drive-reduction theory such as sex or social drives also might help explain why Tom might have walked out. An example of these nonregulatory drive is â€Å"a drive to preserve safety motivates feelings of fear, anger, and even the need for sleep† (Baird 200). The reason I chose this theory of motivation to describe why Tom walked out is not only because of his removal from his optimal state, but also because the other theories might not be able to explain why Tom left. The social learning theory â€Å"emphasizes the role of cognition in motivation and the importance of expectations in shaping behavior† (Baird 200). From the definition of the social learning theory, Tom’s importance of expectations or goals from the experiment wer e never introduced making it difficult to choose this theory as we do not know what his goals were as a participant. Central-state theory of motivation tries to explain â€Å"drive by understanding them as

Human Resources †Knowledge Workers Free Essays

string(134) " and likewise the worker should not expect too much from the firm, hence the need for contracts to get an understanding of the needs\." Human Resources Management Coursework – Manjeet Singh – 7637434 The Question: â€Å"Examine the claim that the management of knowledge workers requires the development of human resource practises that are more suited to the particular characteristics of these workers and their jobs† Introduction The term â€Å"knowledge worker† was first used by Peter Drucker in â€Å"Landmarks of Tomorrow† in 1959. A knowledge worker is someone who specialises in a specific field as they possess certain knowledge which has been accrued through specific courses or experience in relevant activities, they usually have some sort of accreditation or documentation to certify that they have accrued this knowledge. They are typically well educated, and with the application of their knowledge it aids them to solve problems for an organisation and it is through problem solving that value is added for the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources – Knowledge Workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as problem solving, knowledge workers are also involved in innovation, re-engineering, training etc. although there are certain tasks which would require knowledge workers with specific specialities. Knowledge workers are seen as a crucial asset as with application of their knowledge it can determine the success and reputation of the organisation. â€Å"The most valuable assets of a 20th-century company were its production equipment. The most valuable asset of a 21st-century institution, whether business or non-business, will be its knowledge workers and their productivity. (Drucker, 1999, P135) This quote highlights the fact that we are moving away from the traditional mentality that wealth was based on the amount of resources an organisation held in its possession, and more towards how we handle knowledge workers and attain this knowledge. Knowledge workers attract higher banded salaries, with enhanced levels of autonomy in comparison to the normal employee. As a result th e turnover of Knowledge workers is typically high, because they are aware of the fact that the knowledge that they possess is of great need and importance to the organisation. In many cases the knowledge that these workers have allows the organisation to establish a competitive advantage over their rivals, which is why they are willing to pay the generous salary of these workers. If the workers are not kept happy, then it is easy for them to just move to a different organisation or hold back on the knowledge that they provide for the company. In addition, as the levels of autonomy are high this means that here is an element of self-government, and they have a high amount of freedom, for example they can work from home, this then decreases the amount of control that a firm has over a knowledge worker. Within this report I wish to discuss the different factors that would result in the need for different HR practices for knowledge workers. I will then also highlight which characteristics these workers possess that sets them apart from their colleagues at the organisation where they work and how the characteristics affect the HR practices. As these workers are of such importance to the organisation, they try their best to keep these workers at the organisation and as their job description differs vastly in comparison to the typical employees, this highlights the need for adaptation in the HR practices that are implemented by the firm as typical employees can be replaced rather easily, through the normal recruitment procedures, however, with knowledge workers, they add value for the organisation, thus, changes would have to be made to keep them happy at the organisation, whilst performing at an acceptable level. What are the benefits a Knowledge Worker receives? The main technique where we can identify a knowledge worker is by highlighting the benefits that they receive in comparison to normal workers. According to Lowendahl (1997), these workers are offered high remuneration and substantial autonomy, this simply means that there is no one overlooking them constantly and they are highly paid in comparison to others. Knell (2000) Pink (2002), also describe these workers as â€Å"free workers†, this would mean that for them there is a lot more choice as to what they can do. As they hold all the knowledge which is valuable, it usually means that these workers are a lot less reliant on the organisation that employs him. In addition to this, it is because these workers have access to knowledge and it is them that control it, this then enables them to control the flow of the knowledge, this would mean that they need to be kept happy in order to make sure that the flow of information is suffice and of value to the company. As a result of this, knowledge workers are also offered a lot more freedom in comparison to other workers. As described above, Knowledge workers are offered many benefits due to how aluable they are to the organisation, however, there are challenges that are then forced on HR with the benefits that they offer to these workers. I will now describe these below and show examples of changes and alterations that have been made either for the attracting, motivating or retention of knowledge workers. HRM challenges as an effect of these Knowledge Workers As Knowledge workers are offered such attractive advantages due to the nature of their work, this impacts the normal practices that are in place by HRM. Therefore, managing these Knowledge workers can be challenging for HRM. These include: Firstly, we can look at the work organisation; this has a major impact on the motivation and productivity of the knowledge worker. If the environment and the organisation is structured in a way that the knowledge worker doesn’t like then this could have a high negative effect on the company, as they need environments where they are comfortable and more importantly a place that offers them new challenges. Another challenge is the constantly changing psychological contract, this is where there are unwritten obligations and expectations that are out of the written contract of the knowledge worker. The firm should not expect too much of the worker and likewise the worker should not expect too much from the firm, hence the need for contracts to get an understanding of the needs. You read "Human Resources – Knowledge Workers" in category "Papers" Thirdly, if the knowledge workers have more than one employer, it is difficult to ensure that these knowledge workers stay loyal. The factor of opportunism can arise here as the knowledge worker would not take into consideration how them leaving or not being productive, can affect the company, instead they will just focus on the benefits that they can take advantage of. Due to the autonomy that is offered to these workers, monitoring the productivity and motivating the workers is difficult for the organisation. These workers also have varied desires as some of them go for the more short-term incentives, like money and freedom of work, or some tend to focus on building their career, and it is a must for them to work with well recognised clients. One of the biggest challenges that they face is the challenge of retaining these workers as turnover of these workers is significantly high in comparison to other workers. So it is critical that the HR department devise correct and well suited practices to make sure that these workers are content. The management of the knowledge is important because the knowledge is held by the workers and it is important to make sure that the flow of this knowledge is not restricted by any other factors that can be controlled or altered by the firm. The knowledge that they have also needs to be up to date as out-dated knowledge would not add maximum value for the organisation. Defining who owns the knowledge at question is also a challenge for the organisation as there are always boundaries which are often unclear and vague, they would need to know this so that they can clearly see how much knowledge the worker can dedicate to the firm. Also as a result of the worker having the knowledge with them, there is also always the threat of them going away and setting up their own firms and as they typically work with clients directly, they could take the clients with them to their own firm. As all these challenges to HRM have been described and highlighted I believe it also reveals the need for the differentiated HR practices for these workers as they vary massively to normal workers. Different contexts and organisations The dependency between the knowledge workers and the organisation also varies largely to normal workers as the firm itself is a lot more dependent on the knowledge workers. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003) suggest that this is because of knowledge workers changing the typical trend of the firm owning all the knowledge. In addition, the work process also differs making the firm more dependent on the workers. An example of this is where the knowledge is at the core of the company so that would mean the knowledge worker would usually be the main source of this knowledge. The knowledge worker is at the centre of the business but this is collaborated with the reputation of the firm and working closely with the worker to main a strong relationship which is strategically vital in that particular type of industry. As a result of this type of relationship and strategic collaboration, this would mean that both parties involved would be highly dependent on each other as the firm would not have the knowledge they require to do business as the knowledge is with the workers but the worker would need the resources, brand reputation and the clients that the firm has. Pink (2002) describes this as â€Å"substantial interdependency† as they are both reliant on each other. The only way this dependency can be reduced is by using knowledge management and outlining boundaries and expectations from both parties. It is important to look after these workers, as if the workers leave then the value created will also leave with them. It is also difficult within this type of industry to determine how much the knowledge worker did or is needed to add value as it is tacit knowledge, which is hard to measure. Knowledge work also influences the network of the organisation as in traditional employment, there is usually a hierarchy which is implemented and all who are involved in this will adhere and follow this hierarchy (Williamson, 1975). However, with knowledge work hierarchies won’t work due to the power differences that will be incurred as a result of the hierarchy. With knowledge work it is all about being in the correct networks and building a portfolio of careers (Castells, 2000). This gives them the freedom to go out and expand their knowledge base and they can progress within their career at their own will. It is the responsibility of the organisation to provide the workers with clients that are well recognised to keep them happy and motivated, as it would challenge them more and allow them to utilise their knowledge to their maximum potential. This is very good for the knowledge worker, however it poses a threat to the firm as they can potentially, take the clients with them if they were to leave because they could have formed a strong bond due to the high level of autonomy that they are granted, thus meaning that the organisation won’t know how close they are. For this reason it is important to evaluate the level of autonomy that is offered to these workers, they would need enough to keep the workers motivated but not too much where the workers can get too close with clients and cause problems for the organisation. Another factor which highlighted by Horwitz (2003), was how the ownership of the firm (foreign or local) affects the practices and the attraction of these knowledge workers, this shows that the culture of the firm has a major impact on the motivation and attraction of these workers. â€Å"Foreign versus local ownership appears, therefore, to reflect differences in certain types of HR practices such as using headhunters and advertising media to recruit and select knowledge workers† (Horwitz, 2003). This shows us that the differing organisations from different cultures use approaches to which they think is best, and there is not a universal, â€Å"one fits all† approach which can be used globally. In addition to this they also found that â€Å"both wholly owned foreign and local firms found a fun and informal work environment more highly or fairly effective† (Horwitz, 2003), this shows us that the workers take a preference to an environment which is more informal and again changing from the conventional hierarchical approach. An example is when Horwitz (2003), describes how there are certain cultural requirements or standards within Singapore (where they did their study), for example they have large respect for the hierarchy and everybody seems to know their positions. This would affect the knowledge workers in the sense that if there is a major emphasis on hierarchies within the organisation, it may push them towards multi-national companies with different cultures. Also, if a firm is international, this attracts knowledge workers as it allows them to travel and experiment different cultures, whilst working for the same firm, this also builds on their experience and makes them a more valuable worker. Figure 1: Proposed schema for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers Source: Frank M. Horwitz. (2003). Finders, Keepers? Attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal. 13 (4), 23-44. HR practices Figure 1 shows a schema which proposed for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers, I believe that the elements that have been taken into consideration within the schema are critical and the schema is accurate, however, Horwitz (2003), says himself that it needs further hypotheses testing to make sure its accurate. In addition to this, it does not take into account anything about differing industries as for each industry, they found that different things motivated or attracted the knowledge workers, this is crucial as it again highlights that there cannot just simply be one standard approach or practice across all industries. According to Kinnear and Sutherland (2000), some researchers have found HR practices which they believe are vital for retention of knowledge workers and decrease the turnover of these workers. However, how could this be possible when there are so many factors that affect the different requirements of these workers and the HR practices required to accommodate these workers? The nature of work is exceedingly different, although there may be tensions between the two types of worker simply because, the knowledge workers are granted such high benefits and salaries. Again as per Figure 1, we can see that there is no consideration of normal workers, this implies further that these practices should be altered and suited for the knowledge workers. With altered practices it also shows that there is a possibility that it could affect the current employees’ chances of progression to get to the level of knowledge workers as the firm would invest so much into the recruitment of these knowledge workers, they would expect to find people that already have the knowledge and don’t require the training to work, simply just to settle in to the culture of the organisation. On the other hand, Frost (2002), goes on to also talk about how employers can distinguish between the two types of workers and thus, supports the claim that HR practices need to be different for the types of workers and this will allow them to both be happy and progress accordingly. In addition to this, Despres and Hiltrop (1995), state â€Å"traditional approaches to work remuneration and reward are no longer appropriate in a post-industrial knowledge economy† (Horwitz, 2003) this further reinforces the idea that new and fresh approaches are needed for knowledge workers and the industries need to move away from this old fashioned mentality as the industries are evolving more and more towards knowledge based organisations. A key thing that Horwitz (2003) found was that the most popular HR practices implemented by the organisations were not always the most effective, this can be questioned as the study was in Singapore, but I believe that it just simply reinforces that the culture of each country and organisation varies and thus would affect the wants and needs in HR practices from the knowledge workers. In addition to this, they say â€Å"There is increasing evidence that particular organisations are beginning to acknowledge that distinctive HR practices lead to better knowledge worker performance. (Horwitz, 2003) this again shows the link between altered practices for these workers has a positive impact on the work and the morale of the workers. The design of the job was stated as being high important as part of the satisfaction of the knowledge workers, as if it designed correctly, then this can have a positive impact on the morale, productivity and behaviour of the knowledge worker (Thompson and He ron, 2002). This again shows the importance of different practices for these types of jobs and not to just let them have a monotonous job style like the normal employees. Conclusion In conclusion, I agree with the initial claim that HR practices should be altered for knowledge workers. I have discovered the real sheer importance of these workers to organisations and how they add value to organisations, for this reason I believe the benefits that are afforded for them are fair and deserved and although they do require some changes which organisations are not accustomed to, for example, losing hierarchies, partnership style working, allowing them to work from home and other challenges the pose to HR, there are certain ways to attract, retain and motivate them. They also can be risky for a firm, with the ambiguity of their tasks and lack of control from the organisation, but if the firm can keep them happy and monitor in a suitable way, then the worker would be kept happy. Knowledge based companies especially should recognise the importance of tailoring HR practices for these workers, as they are what would give them the competitive advantage, they are also characterised as being innovative and this is key to any firm. Finally, I believe that these workers will shape the industry in the coming years, so firms should invest into finding the best HR practices which suit their own culture and organisations based also on their industry. References Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society: rise of the network society. Oxford, Blackwell. Despres, C. and Hiltrop, J. M. (1995), â€Å"Human resource management in the knowledge age: current practice and perspectives on the future†, Employee Relations, Vol. 17 No 1, pp. 9-23. Drucker (1999). Managing Oneself,† Management Challenges for the 21st Century. Frost, M (2002) `Managing knowledge workers’. HR Magazine, May, 47: 5, 124-126 Horwitz, F, 2003. Finders, Keepers? Attracting, Motivating and Retaining knowledge workers. Human Resource Management Journal, 13/4, 23-44. Knell, J (2000) Most Wanted: The quiet birth of the free worker. Futures reports Kinnear and Sutherland (2000) `Determinants of organisational commitment amongst knowledge workers. ’ South African Journal of Business Management, 32: 2, 106-111. Lowendahl (1997) Strategic Management of Professional Service Firms Pink, D. H. (2002). Free agent nation: the future of working for yourself. New York, Warner Books. Swart, J. Kinnie, N. (2003) knowledge-intensive firms: the influence of the client on HR systems. HRMJ, 13 (3) 37-55 Thompson, M. and Heron, P. (2002). `The employment relationship and knowledge creation: evidence from RD based high technology firms. ’ EURAM Conference, Stockholm (May), 1-10. Williamson, Oliver (1975), Markets and hierarchies, analysis and antitrust implications Word Count : 3,242 including references How to cite Human Resources – Knowledge Workers, Papers

Role of Team Leaders

Question: Discuss the role of team leaders in managing the work of the organization. Answer: Introduction The prime purpose of this paper is to understand the team leaders are playing major role in managing the work of the organization. It is the sole responsibility of the management of the organization to take care of the employees as they are playing significant role in accomplishing the goals of the organization (Alexander et al., 2005).. There are several theories, which are helping the management of the organization specially the leaders of the organization to manage the teamwork. Here in this research paper, the researcher is trying to depict the relationship between the employees and employers. Employers are responsible for recruiting the employees in the organization so it is the sole responsibility of them to take care of the employees by fulfilling the demand of the employers. Overview of the company For the better analysis of the paper, researcher has chosen Calgary Oil Shale Technologies. COST is the acronym of Calgary Oil Shale Technologies. It is a subsidiary of an international oil field company. The specialty of the organization is in supplying of the goods and equipments, which are necessary in the oil field. On the other hand, the company is specialist in supplying the Database Management System (Blanchard, et al, 2005). The management of the organization believes that employees are the key stakeholder of the organization so they put emphasis on choosing the employees. All the employees in the organization are well educated and skilled enough. Data Management Operation is facilitating the management of the organization to control the price of oil in Alberta, Colorado and Utah. There major functional groups of the organization are operations of the organizations, below ground and the employees, who are managing the equipments. From the recent research, it is seen that the price of oil is skyrocketed; despite of the fact, COST is facilitating other nations to control the price of oil and maintain their productivity (Casimir, 2001). As the supply of oil is limited, in that case many oil producing companies can ask for any amount of price from the customers, it helps to ensure their profit percentage. It is facilitating in improving the productivity and profit margin of the company. Problem of the organization Like many other organizations, the operations of the organization are in the hand of the non-experienced and experienced staffs. Often due to lack of communication between the skilled and non-skilled staffs are facing staffs (Chen and Silverthorne, 2005). Experienced staffs are taking the non-skilled staffs as just a mere employee. The conflict arises when the low skilled staffs refuse of obey the guidelines of the skilled experience. The experienced staffs are trying to impose the rules and regulations on the low skilled staffs that automatically generate trouble. Often it is seen that semi-skilled staffs r the low skilled staffs fails to execute the command of the seniors (Cook, 2009). Highly trained staffs include geologist, engineers and geophysicists. Along with that it is also found that due to overpower of the skilled staffs on the semi-skilled staffs, the semi-skilled staffs are often getting offended. Solution to the problem There are several solutions to this problem but among the several other problems, the most proposed solution to this is implementation of leaders. To maintain the performance of the organization in the global competitive market, it is necessary for the management of the organization to implement various leadership theories(Donnellon, 2006). Only an effective leader can able to manage the conflict between the employees and management. On the other hand, for managing the entire team effectively, the management of the organization should put focus on engaging leaders by keeping in mind that the organizational activities are based on two different types of employees. Leaders should not be biased and proposed solutions, which are beneficial for the growth of the company as well as for the all level of employees. Cross Functional teams in Alberta As the large international organization, the management of the organization has to operate the business from different dimensions. The organization is working for supplying the technologies and Database management system. So it can be said that the management of the organization should concentrate on the cross functional activities (DuBrin, 2005). Before going deep into the study, it is necessary to understand the definition of Cross-functional team. The meaning of cross functional team is to manage different activities of the organization; it means the organization is working for different sectors. The leaders of these types of organization have to face different kinds of trouble. It is the sole responsibility of the leaders of the organization to motivate the employees of different sectors so that they can understand the COST has singular and they should work for the betterment of the organization (Glanz, 2002). Management of COST is trying to appoint new as well as experienced employees so that jointly they can manage the organizational structure effectively. COST has appointed Carlos Debrito and Howard for mitigating the challenges in the organization. Carlos Debrito is an experienced staff and he is working for COST for twenty-six years. He has experience on every department of the organization and on the other hand, the management also engages Howard, she has no experience. Carlos and Howard are entitled to look after the cross functional activities in the organization and they have to motivate the employees for common set of goals. Carlos is appointed in this organization to look after the conflict between the management and employees of the organization (Kantharia, 2015). Carlos is asked to implement leaders in the COST and she is also asked to understand the functionalities of the organization and based on the functionalities, employees can be engaged. Howard can take help from Debrit o as he is a senior employee and he has experience in all sectors. Fireside Chats There are two types of leadership processes, between two types of leadership process, Howard should concentrate on the Fire Side Chat. It is considered as the most effective process of motivating the employees. From the brief of the Fire Side Chat, it can be determined that this can helps to remove the anxiety from the employees. Roosevelt in 1933 has been the former president of America trying to motivate the people of entire nation so that they can fight against any kind of injustice. This theory has invented at the time of the Great Depression in 1930 and World War II (1939-45). At that time just to motivate the employees, Roosevelt has exhibited several speeches more specifically almost 30 speeches and later broadcast those speeches through television and Radio. The speeches had been delivered to the staffs of banking sector and people, who are unemployed (Kendrick, 2012). Even the leaders of these days are following this method for motivating the employees but with slightest twi st. In case of the Fire Side Chats, the management of COST should engage all the employees to take active part in the organizational decision making part. The meeting can be arranged at any place and there s no specific space for holding the meeting. The speeches of Roosevelt motivated employees at that time; the employees feel comfortable and motivated. With the help of the Fire Side Chats, employees of Cost can be motivated. Problem Busting Team In case of the Problem Busting Team, the management of COST facilitates the employees to choose their own leaders. It is considered as the best way to engage the employees in the organizational operations (Marques, 2007). If the employees of the organization are asked to take part in the decision making process of the organization, in that case they feel that they are the part of the organization. In COST there is Myriad of problems and leaders are the ultimate solution to this. In Problem Busting Team, all the members are asked to take part. The activities of this team is dependent on the identifications of problem in Fire Side Chats and Temporary Team is going to develop for the problems of Fire Side Chats. Stages of team Development Apart from these two theories, Howard should concentrate on the Tuckman;s Team Development. Here in this theory, different stages can be identified. There are four basic stages of development: Forming: This is the beginning stage, at this stage employees are found curious enough and here leaders have to plays and dominant role to manage the employees and drive them towards a common set of goals. Storming: In this stage, employees stated learning things so they should be a tendency to break the boundary and limit and set their own (Parker, 2009). The conflict arises when they are trying to break the boundary. Leaders of COST should handle them carefully otherwise the chance of employee turnover will rise. Norming: This is the stage of learning; at this stage, employees have to learn how to adopt strength and weakness of the other employees and increase their performance. Performing: This stage helps the employees how to work harder. Besides Tuckmans Team development the leaders of the organization should concentrate on Fireside Chats and Problem Busting Team (Proehl, 2007). According to both these theories the employees should provide relaxed ambiance in the organization so that they can share problems with their team leaders. As the senior employee of the organization, Debrito has to play an effective role in the organization. He is entitled to increase the performance of the organization. He is also engaged to manage the success of the organization in Alberta and Colorado. With the help of the implementation of two types of theories, Debrito and Howards can successfully manage the productivity of the organization (Transformational Leadership: The Emerging Leadership Style of Successful Entrepreneurs, 2015). For managing the activities of the organization, the Derito and Howard have decided to implement Democratic Leadership Style in managing the employees in the organization. At the time of recruitment, the Human Resource Management of the organization has decided to recruit skilled and educated employees in the organization. In that case, to reduce the rate of employee turnover rate in the organization, the management of COST should implement democratic leadership style so that employees can able to get chance in the decision making process of the organization (Williams, 2002). This is the best theory to manage the employees as they are able to state their own views so they feel that they are the part of the organization and they put their best to accomplish the organizational goals. Taking part in the decision making process of COST has increased the loyalty among the employees. When the question is asked about the efficiency of the Problem Busting Team, it is stated that it is the best idea to engage the employee. It helps to enhance the chance of employee engagement in the workers of Colorado. Leader of Alberta has provided training to the employees to increase the efficiency, so training is the best process to improve the efficiency of the Colorado. There are five processes of mitigating challenges in the organization and the approaches are Accommodation Avoiding Collaborating Compromising and Confrontation Besides that, the leaders of COST are going to concentrate on the Fiedler Contigency Model. In accordance with the model, there is no particular leadership style or there is not best fitted leadership model. The leaders have to be flexible and depending on the situation, the leadership style should be changed. If there is lots of time to take any decision then leaders should focus on democratic leadership style but if the leaders have less time to take any decision then leaders should take help of Autocratic Leadership Style. Conclusion From the above analysis of the paper, it can be determined that leaders have to maintain the leadership qualities to for an effective team. Apart from this, this paper is concerned with the choosing of leaderships style. Among the several other leadership style, the leaders are entitled to choose best-fitted leaders style for the organization (Kendrick, 2012). Along with that management of the organization has to understand that conflict is the inevitable part of the organization and leaders should know the tricks to mitigate the negative impact of leadership. Besides Conflict, strategies are integral part of the organization; leaders with the help of the strategies can able to mitigate the issues in the organization. References Alexander, J., Lichtenstein, R., Jinnett, K., Wells, R., Zazzali, J. and Liu, D. (2005). Cross-Functional Team Processes and Patient Functional Improvement.Health Services Research, 40(5p1), pp.1335-1355. Casimir, G. (2001). Combinative aspects of leadership style.The Leadership Quarterly, 12(3), pp.245-278. Blanchard, K., Zigarmi, P. and Zigarmi, D. (2005).Leadership and the one minute manager. New York: Morrow. Cook, S. (2009).Building a High Performance Team. Ely: IT Governance Pub. Chen, J. and Silverthorne, C. (2005). Leadership effectiveness, leadership style and employee readiness.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 26(4), pp.280-288. DuBrin, A. (2005).The breakthrough team player. New York: AMACOM Donnellon, A. (2006).Team talk. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. . Kantharia, B. (2015). Servant Leadership: An Imperative Leadership Style for Leader Managers.SSRN Electronic Journal. Glanz, J. (2002).Finding your leadership style. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Kantharia, B. (2015). Servant Leadership: An Imperative Leadership Style for Leader Managers.SSRN Electronic Journal. Marques, J. (2007).The awakened leader. Fawnskin, CA: Personhood Press. Kendrick, T. (2012).Results without authority. New York: AMACOM. Proehl, R. (2007). Enhancing the effectiveness of cross functional teams.Team Performance Management, 3(3), pp.137-149. Parker, G. (2009).Team communication. Amherst, MA: HRD Press. Proehl, R. (2007). Enhancing the effectiveness of cross functional teams.Team Performance Management, 3(3), pp.137-149. Williams, J. (2002).Team development for high-tech project managers. Boston: Artech House. Transformational Leadership: The Emerging Leadership Style of Successful Entrepreneurs. (2015).JLAS, 5(1).

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=========================================================================== THE HUMAN EYE IN SPACE by Lambert Parker (edited) ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SIG --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Human visual hardware is a result of a billion years of evolution within the earths atmosphere where light is scattered by molecules of air, moisture, particular matter etc. However as we ascend into our atmosphere with decrease density, light distribution is changed resulting in our visual hardware receiving visual data in different format. Some Aspects to Consider: 1. Visual acuity is the degree to which the details and contours of objects are perceived. Visual acuity is usually defined in terms of minimum separable.Large variety of factors influence this complex phenomenon which includes : # Optical factors- state of the image forming mechanisms of the eye. # Retinal factors such as the state of the cones. # Stimulus factors such as illumina tion, brightness of the stimulus, contrast between the stimulus and background, length of time exposed to the stimulus. * Minimum separable: shortest distance by which two lines can be separated and still be perceived as two lines. "During the day, the earth has a predominantly bluish cast..... I could detect individual houses and streets in the low humidity and cloudless areas such as the Himalaya mountain area.... I saw a steam locomotive by seeing the smoke first..... I also saw the wake of a boat on a large river in the Burma-India area... and a bright orange light from the British oil refinery to the south of the city (Perth,Australia.)" The above observation was made by Gordon Cooper in Faith 7 [1963] and which generated much skepticism in the light of the thesis by Muckler and Narvan "Visual Surveillance and Reconnaissance from space vehicles" in which they determined that a visual angle of ten minutes was the operational minimum, and that the minimum resolvable object length [M.R.O.L] at an altitude of 113 miles would be 1730 ft. This limitation of acuity was revised the next year to 0.5 seconds of arc for an extended contrasting line and 15 seconds of arc for minimum separation of two points sharply contrasting with the background. Orbiting at 237 miles in the skylab it was possible to see the entire east coast [Canada to Florida Keys] and resolve details of a 500 feet long bridge based on inference. Of Interest is the fact that even though the mechanical eye [camera systems] can resolve objects greater than fifty times better than the human eye, without the human ability to infer, interpretation of the data is meaningless. Conclusion: Visual acuity in space exceeds that of earth norm when objects with linear extension such as roads, airfields, wake of ships etc. 2. Stereoscopic vision: the perception of two images as one by means of fusing the impressions on both retinas. In space one has to deal with a poverty of reference points. For hardware evolved in a reference oriented paradigm, this possess a grave problem. Once out of the space craft and gazing outward, the eye can only fix on the stars [without even a twinkle] which for all practical purpose is at infinity ie. without stereoscopic vision "Empty field myopia" prevails. Empty Field Myopia is a condition in which the eyes, having nothing in the visual field upon which to focus, focus automatically at about 9 feet . An astronaut/cosmonaut experiencing empty field myopia focusing at 9 ft would be unable see objects at a range close as 100 ft. If another spacecraft, satellite, meteorite or L.E.M entered his field of vision, he would not be able to determine the size nor the distance. Solution: Man does not face any hostile environment in his birthday suit, the clothing industry and need for walk in closet say it all. In space we will wear our exoskeleton just as we wear winter jackets in winter and we will wear our helmets with visors to maintain our internal environment, filter out all those nasty rads etc. Since Empty Field Myopia is secondary to loss of reference points why not just build them into the visor itself giving the eye points of reference-- create a virtual reality This line of speculation leads to amazing concepts...... To learn more about the concept of virtual universe in ====================================================================== ====================================================================== REPRODUCTION: A-Courting to Nature! LIFE SCIENCES SIG ---------------------------------------------------------------------- For some time she had watched his movements, appearing coyly in his haunts. And now, had it paid off? Doubtless, he was in love. His muscles were taut; he swooped through the air more like an eagle than a Greylag gander. The only problem was, it was not for her that he then landed in a flurry of quacks and wingbeats, or for her that he dashed off surprise attacks on his fellows. It was, rather, for another - for her preening rival across the Bavarian lake. Poor goose. Will she mate with the gander of her dreams? Or will she trail him for years, laying infertile egg clutches as proof of her faithfulness? Either outcome is possible in an animal world marked daily by scenes of courtship, spurning and love triumphant. And take note: these are not the imaginings of some Disney screen-16 writer. Decades ago Konrad Lorenz, a famed Austrian naturalist, made detailed studies of Greylags and afterwards showed no hesitation in using words like love, grief and even embarrassment to describe the behavior of these large, social birds. At the same time he did not forget that all romance - animal and human - is tied intimately to natural selection. Natural selection brought on the evolution of males and females during prehistoric epochs when environmental change was making life difficult for single-sex species such as bacteria and algae. Generally, these reproduced by splitting into identical copies of themselves. New generations were thus no better than old ones at surviving in an altered world. With the emergence of the sexes, however, youngsters acquired the qualities of two parents. This meant that they were different from both - different and perhaps better at coping with tough problems of survival. At the same time, nature had to furnish a new set of instincts which wo uld make "parents" out of such unreflective entities as mollusks and jellyfish.. The peacock's splendid feathers, the firefly's flash, the humpback whale's resounding bellow - all are means these animals have evolved to obey nature's command: "Find a mate. Transmit your characteristics through time!" But while most males would accept indiscriminate mating, females generally have more on their minds. In most species, after all, they take on reproduction's hardest chores such as carrying young, incubating eggs and tending newborns. Often they can produce only a few young in a lifetime. (Given half a chance, most males would spawn thousands.) So it's no surprising that the ladies are choosy. They want to match their characteristics with those of a successful mate. He may flap his wings or join a hockey team, but somehow he must show that his offspring will not likely be last to eat or first in predatory jaws. Strolling through the Australian underbrush that morning, she had seen nothing that might catch a female bowerbird's eye. True, several males along the way had built avenue bowers - twin rows of twigs lined up north and south. True, they had decorated their constructions with plant juices and charcoal. Yet they displayed nothing out front! Not a beetle's wing. Not a piece of flower. Then she saw him. He stood before the largest bower and in his mouth held a most beautiful object. It was a powder blue cigarette package, and beneath it there glinted a pair of pilfered car keys. Without hesitation she hopped forward to watch his ritual dance. Males have found many ways to prove their worth. Some, like bowerbirds, flaunt possessions and territory, defending these aggressively against the intrusion of fellow males. Others, like many birds and meat-eating mammals, pantomime nest building or otherwise demonstrate their capacity as dads. Still others, however, do nothing. Gentlemen may bring flowers, but most male fish just fertilize an egg pile some unknown female has left in underwater sand. For a fish, survival itself is a romantic feat. For other species, though, love demands supreme sacrifices. Shortly after alighting on the back of his mate, the male praying mantis probably had no idea what was in store. This would have been a good thing too, because as he continued to fertilize his partner's eggs, she twisted slowly around ====================================================================== ========================================================================== CHINA CITES 'GREAT PROGRESS' IN MANNED SPACE PROGRAM By Daniel Southerland (c) 1986, The Washington Post PEKING - China has made "great progress" in developing a manned space program and the day it launches a man in space for the first time is "not far off," an official newspaper said Sunday. The overseas edition of the People's Daily, the leading Communist Party newspaper, said China has "already begun the work of choosing its first team of astronauts." Although it gave few details, the article made it sound as though China is preparing to launch its first men into space much sooner than many foreign observers had thought possible. "We have already succeeded in producing life-support systems and in solving the problems of controlling gas composition and pressure in the cabin and the level of heat and humidity," the report said. The report, published Sunday, said the Chinese have developed the largest centri fuge of its kind in Asia and Europe to simulate cabin conditions created by the launching of a spaceship. "The day when a Chinese goes roaming through space is not far off," the report said. On June 5 of this year, Sun Jiadong, vice minister of astronautics, told reporters that China would put a man into space but that such a program "must be worked out gradually in keeping with our needs and capabilities." A foreign observer who has followed the Chinese space program said it could still be a few years before China puts a man into orbit. The People's Daily report did not say how many astronauts are being trained or exactly when they might go into space. The Chinese have appeared to be working for several years on problems associated with building a space shuttle. A high-ranking official of China's national defense, science and technology commission confirmed last May that there had been debate over the feasibility of deploying a space shuttle. According to the China Business Revie w, a magazine published in Washington, D.C., China has been experimenting for more than 10 years with the thermal problems associated with spacecraft re-entry. The Chinese also have been developing space food and space suits for at least seven years, according to published reports. The first publicity about the astronauts began to appear in Chinese magazines in 1980. In early 1980, Science Life magazine, published in Shanghai, described a group of astronauts undergoing fairly sophisticated training, including use of a high-speed centrifuge and a simulated spaceship. Trainees were reported to be wearing airtight spacesuits designed for use on the moon. =============================================================================== ====================================================================== ============================================================================== Your Bones in Space ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hypogravitational Osteoporosis: A review of literature. By Lambert Titus Parker. May 19 1987. Osteoporosis: a condition characterized by an absolute decrease in the amount of bone present to a level below which it is capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the skeleton. To state the obvious, Human beings have evolved under Earth's gravity "1G". Our musculoskeleton system have developed to help us navigate in this gravitational field, endowed with ability to adapt as needed under various stress, strains and available energy requirement. The system consists of Bone a highly specialized and dynamic supporting tissue which provides the vertebrates its rigid infrastructure. It consists of specialized connective tissue cells called osteocytes and a matrix consisti ng of organic fibers held together by an organic cement which gives bone its tenacity, elasticity and its resilience. It also has an inorganic component located in the cement between the fibers consisting of calcium phosphate [85%]; Calcium carbonate [10%] ; others [5%] which give it the hardness and rigidity. Other than providing the rigid infrastructure, it protects vital organs like the brain], serves as a complex lever system, acts as a storage area for calcium which is vital for human metabolism, houses the bone marrow within its mid cavity and to top it all it is capable of changing its architecture and mass in response to outside and inner stress. It is this dynamic remodeling of bone which is of primary interest in microgravity. To feel the impact of this dynamicity it should be noted that a bone remodeling unit [a coupled phenomena of bone reabsorption and bone formation] is initiated and another finished about every ten seconds in a healthy adult. This dynamic system respo nds to mechanical stress or lack of it by increasing the bone mass/density or decreasing it as per the demand on the system. -eg; a person dealing with increased mechanical stress will respond with increased mass / density of the bone and a person who leads a sedentary life will have decreased mass/density of bone but the right amount to support his structure against the mechanical stresses she/she exists in. Hormones also play a major role as seen in postmenopausal females osteoporosis (lack of estrogens) in which the rate of bone reformation is usually normal with the rate of bone re-absorption increased. In Skeletal system whose mass represent a dynamic homeostasis in 1g weight- bearing,when placed in microgravity for any extended period of time requiring practically no weight bearing, the regulatory system of bone/calcium reacts by decreasing its mass. After all, why carry all that extra mass and use all that energy to maintain what is not needed? Logically the greatest loss -de mineralization- occurs in the weight bearing bones of the leg [Os Calcis] and spine. Bone loss has been estimated by calcium-balance studies and excretion studies. An increased urinary excretion of calcium , hydroxyproline Rapid increase of urinary calcium has been noted after takeoff with a plateau reached by day 30. In contrast, there was a steady increase off mean fecal calcium throughout the stay in microgravity and was not reduced until day 20 of return to 1 G while urinary calcium content usually returned to preflight level by day 10 of return to 1G. There is also significant evidence derived primarily from rodent studies that seem to suggest decreased bone formation as a factor in hypogravitational osteoporosis. Boy Frame,M.D a member of NASA's LifeScience Advisory Committee [LSAC] postulated that "the initial pathologic event after the astronauts enter zero gravity occurs in the bone itself, and that changes in mineral homeostasis and the calcitropic hormones are secondary to this. It appears that zero gravity in some ways stimulate bone re-absorption, possibly through altered bioelectrical fields or altered distribution of tension and pressure on bone cells themselves. It is possible that gravitational and muscular strains on the skeletal system cause friction between bone crystals which creates bioelectrical fields. This bioelectrical effect in some way may stimulate bone cells and affect bone remodeling." In the early missions, X-ray densitometry was used to measure ====================================================================== ======================================================================= Tall Stories NEWSCIENCE ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Picture in your mind the skyline of downtown Toronto. There's the CN Tower, of course, and the 72-floor First Canadian Place, the city's tallest skyscraper. Cascading from there are the assorted banks and hotels and insurance towers. Now, use your imagination to construct some new buildings, these ones reaching three, four and five times higher than the others. Top it all off with a skyscraper one mile high (three times as high as the CN Tower). Sound fanciful? It did 30 years ago when Frank Lloyd Wright proposed the first mile-high building. But not today. We are now said to be entering the age of the superskyscraper, with tall buildings poised to take a giant new leap into the sky. Skyscrapers approaching the mile mark may still be awhile off, but there are proposals now for megastruct ures soaring 900 m -- twice as high as the world's tallest building, the 110-story Sears Tower in Chicago. Suppose that you were asked to erect such a building. How would you do it? What are the obstacles you'd face? What materials would you use? And where would you put it? Building a superskyscraper, the first thing you would need is a considerable slice of real estate. Tall buildings require a large base to support their load and keep them stable. In general, the height of a building should be six times its base, so, for a skyscraper 900-m tall, you'd need a base of 150 square m. That much space is hard to come by in, say, downtown Toronto, forcing you to look for an undeveloped area, perhaps the Don Valley ravine, next to the Science Centre. Bear in mind though that the Don Valley is overlain by loose sand and silt, and tall buildings must stand on firm ground, or else risk the fate of edifices like the Empress Hotel in Victoria. This grand dowager, completed in 1908, lon g before the science of soil mechanics, has since found herself slowly sinking into the soft clay. Soil analysis is especially critical in facing the threat of earthquakes. The Japanese have learned many times the hard way what happens when an earth tremor shakes a high-rise constructed on soft, wet sand. The quake's enormous energy severs the loose connections between the individual grains, turning the ground into quicksand in just seconds and swallowing up the building. . Engineers have actually built machines that condense loose ground. One machine pounds the earth with huge hammers. Another plunges a large vibrating probe into the ground, like a blender in a milk shake, stirring up the sand so that its structure collapses and the individuals grains fall closer together. Anchoring a skyscraper in the Don Valley would best be solved by driving long steel piles down through the sand and silt into the underlying hard clay till. Or, if the clay till lies too far underground , inserting more piles into the sand. The friction between sand and so much steel would then be sufficient to hold the concrete foundation above in place. The next obstacle in erecting a superskyscraper, and perhaps the biggest one, is wind. Tall buildings actually sway in the breeze, in much the same way that a diving board bends under the weight of a diver. Building an edifice that doesn't topple over in the wind is easy enough. The real challenge is keeping the structure so stiff that it doesn't swing too far, cracking partitions, shattering windows and making the upper occupants seasick. As a rule, the top of skyscraper should never drift more than 1/400 of its height at a wind velocity of 150 km/h. Older buildings, like the Empire State Building, were built so that their core withstood all bending stresses. But structural engineers have since found that by shifting the bracing and support to the perimeter of a building, it can better resist high winds. The most advance d buildings are constructed like a hollow tube, with thin, outer columns spaced tightly together and welded to broad horizontal beams. Toronto's First Canadian Place and New York's World Trade Center towers are all giant, framed tubes. A superskyscraper would undoubtedly need extra rigidity, which you could add by ====================================================================== ============================================================================== Your Bones in Space ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE SIG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hypogravitational Osteoporosis: A review of literature. By Lambert Titus Parker. May 19 1987. (GEnie Spaceport) Osteoporosis: a condition characterized by an absolute decrease in the amount of bone present to a level below which it is capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the skeleton. To state the obvious, Human beings have evolved under Earth's gravity "1G". Our musculoskeleton system have developed to help us navigate in this gravitational field, endowed with ability to adapt as needed under various stress, strains and available energy requirement. The system consists of Bone a highly specialized and dynamic supporting tissue which provides the vertebrates its rigid infrastructure. It consists of specialized connective tissue cells called osteocytes and a matrix consisting of organic fibers held together by an organic cement which gives bone its tenacity, elasticity and its resilience. It also has an inorganic component located in the cement between the fibers consisting of calcium phosphate [85%]; Calcium carbonate [10%] ; others [5%] which give it the hardness and rigidity. Other than providing the rigid infrastructure, it protects vital organs like the brain], serves as a complex lever system, acts as a storage area for calcium which is vital for human metabolism, houses the bone marrow within its mid cavity and to top it all it is capable of changing its architecture and mass in response to outside and inner stress. It is this dynamic remodeling of bone which is of primary interest in microgravity. To feel the impact of this dynamicity it should be noted that a bone remodeling unit [a coupled phenomena of bone reabsorption and bone formation] is initiated and another finished about every ten seconds in a healthy adult. Thi s dynamic system responds to mechanical stress or lack of it by increasing the bone mass/density or decreasing it as per the demand on the system. -eg; a person dealing with increased mechanical stress will respond with increased mass / density of the bone and a person who leads a sedentary life will have decreased mass/density of bone but the right amount to support his structure against the mechanical stresses she/she exists in. Hormones also play a major role as seen in postmenopausal females osteoporosis (lack of estrogens) in which the rate of bone reformation is usually normal with the rate of bone re-absorption increased. In Skeletal system whose mass represent a dynamic homeostasis in 1g weight- bearing,when placed in microgravity for any extended period of time requiring practically no weight bearing, the regulatory system of bone/calcium reacts by decreasing its mass. After all, why carry all that extra mass and use all that energy to maintain what is not needed? Logically the greatest loss -demineralization- occurs in the weight bearing bones of the leg [Os Calcis] and spine. Bone loss has been estimated by calcium-balance studies and excretion studies. An increased urinary excretion of calcium , hydroxyproline Rapid increase of urinary calcium has been noted after takeoff with a plateau reached by day 30. In contrast, there was a steady increase off mean fecal calcium throughout the stay in microgravity and was not reduced until day 20 of return to 1 G while urinary calcium content usually returned to preflight level by day 10 of return to 1G. There is also significant evidence derived primarily from rodent studies that seem to suggest decreased bone formation as a factor in hypogravitational osteoporosis. Boy Frame,M.D a member of NASA's LifeScience Advisory Committee [LSAC] postulated that "the initial pathologic event after the astronauts enter zero gravity occurs in the bone itself, and that changes in mineral homeostasis and the calcitropic h ormones are secondary to this. It appears that zero gravity in some ways stimulate bone re-absorption, possibly through altered bioelectrical fields or altered distribution of tension and pressure on bone cells themselves. It is possible that gravitational and muscular strains on the skeletal system cause friction between bone crystals which creates bioelectrical fields. This bioelectrical effect in some way may stimulate bone cells and affect bone remodeling." In the early missions, X-ray densitometry was

Analysis of the Dead by James Joyce Essay Example

Analysis of the Dead by James Joyce Essay Example Analysis of the Dead by James Joyce Paper Analysis of the Dead by James Joyce Paper In â€Å"The Dead† by James Joyce, the character, Gabriel is finding out who he is through his relationship with his wife and how he will handle his Aunt Julia’s death. Joyce illustrates these things through imagery, motif of time, and diction. Imagery is used throughout the excerpt in order for the reader to understand the feeling of death that Gabriel experiences. Gabriel is watching his wife â€Å"while she slept† and listening â€Å"to her deep-drawn breath†. He is watching his wife sleep as if she was on the verge of dying. As Gabriel watches his wife sleeping â€Å"as though he and she had never lived together as man and wife† can represent the death of the love and passion in their marriage, if there was any in the beginning. Joyce has the images in the room exemplify the immorality Gabriel felt. The string of the petticoat â€Å"dangle[s] to the floor† and one boot is â€Å"limp† while the other is â€Å"fallen down†. When he imagines the future, Gabriel envisions himself â€Å"dressed in black† with the blinds â€Å"drawn down† as Aunt Kate is â€Å"crying†, â€Å"telling him how Julia died†. The fact that all Gabriel could think of to comfort his aunt was â€Å"lame and useless† words, illustrates his mental passiveness. Gabriel’s inconsiderate, laid back behavior could be symbolic of the title. The motif of time is used in the passage was Gabriel is in the present thinking about the past. Time moves Gabriel and the reader throughout different experiences. Gabriel takes a â€Å"few moments† to watch his wife and evaluate his relationship with her. He reminisces when his wife had her â€Å"then† â€Å"girlish beauty†, possibly indicating Gabriel and his wife are aging. Seeing his wife as â€Å"no longer beautiful† with â€Å"strange, friendly pity† could indicate that he may not love her because his pity was friendly instead of passionate. In addition, it seems as if Gabriel is somewhat insulting his wife by saying, â€Å"he did not like to say even to himself that her face was no longer beautiful but he knew that it was no longer the face for which Michael Furey had braved death. † Gabriel’s thought about his wife’s beauty declining beauty is thoughtless and inconsiderate. His inconsiderate behavior with his wife ties into the future as Gabriel trying to think of words to console his Aunt Kate when Aunt Julia dies, but only find â€Å"lame and useless ones†. Gabriel watching his wife sleeping could foreshadow the death of Aunt Julia because of the stillness of his wife as she slept as it â€Å"hardly pained† him and the sense of doom the room reinforces.

Disease processes Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disease processes - Lab Report Example Prothrombin test is most common to use for monitoring in oral anticoagulant therapy Warfarin and related coumarins. The PT responds to reduction of three of the four vitamin K-dependent procoagulant clotting factors (II, VII, and X). This PT test gauges the time or period of reaction of Plasma to Thromboplastin and Ca++ that results to Fibrin Clot. The INR value is calculated from the patient's coagulation time. However, the ISI value is included in the calculation. The manufacturer calculates the ISI value (International Sensitivity Index) by comparison to an international standard thromboplastin. This way, the different sensitivities of reagents available in the market are compensated. Our result of INR 1.1 and PI% 90.9 is comparable and consistent with results of all other groups which ranges between 0.9 and 1.1 and it is also quiet comparable and consistent with the class mean result for INR and PI index. 6. Examine the ten results listed on page 4. These results were obtained when single quality control plasma (taken from the same bottle) was tested ten times. Are there any interesting features apparent with these results Do you think these results are acceptable The mean INR value for the results is 3.07,two readings i.e 2.6 and 2.0 are quiet distant from the mean and comp

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Chemistry of Hazardous Materials - Case Study Example The characteristics of the hazardous substance in the four containers are determined through NFPA system. The system gives the procedure of identifying the relative levels of the three hazards; chemical reactivity, health, and flammability (Meyer, 2010). The HazMat team experiences several hazardous situations. The puncture tank may contain flammable fumes or chemicals thus it is hazardous because it may result in combustion. The corrosive materials can also negatively affect members of the HazMat team the fumes can cause skin irritation, and respiratory tract infection and inflammation. Strong oxidizing substances have the ability to corrode and thus if not handled properly can burn the skin tissues. Strong acids and bases also show corrosive characteristics and may burn the skin. All the three substances engage in chemical reactions that can produce dangerous substances, like hazardous fumes that cause respiratory tract irritation (Meyer, 2010). A lot of restraint should be exercis ed at the accident scene. Only members of the HazMat team should be allowed to access the site with the punctured tank and the three other tanks containing hazardous materials (Meyer, 2010). The members of the team must wear full protective gear. The gas masks are aimed are preventing the inhalation of dangerous fumes or hazardous chemicals. The reflectors jackets prevent skin contact with the hazardous materials. The other individuals who wish or want to access the accident scene must be told to wear adequate personal protective types of equipment. The protective types of equipment include; eyeglasses, gas masks, reflector or dust coats, gloves, and safety boots. The eyeglass minimizes eye irritation, through minimizing the contact between the eye and hazardous fumes. The reflector clothing reduces corrosion by hindering contact between the skin and the hazardous substances.

Naturalism And Anti Naturalism Philosophy Essay

Naturalism And Anti Naturalism Philosophy Essay Naturalism is the natural state where there is no other types of knowledge other than scientific knowledge and aims to explain all known or other apparently un natural. Naturalism is justified by empirical evidence, experiment, empiricism, theory, data collection and laws. Anti-Naturalism denies the claim of human behaviours and evidence supporter but do not have the same positive route instead comes from hermeneutics. Example Human action is characterized by intentionality, rationality and reflexivity. ii. falsificationism and hermeneutics The falsificationism is proposed by scientist K.Popper. According to him, the scientific knowledge has to be at least in principle, if principle or theory is refutable and the logic behind no matter how large is empirical evidence, scientist does not attempt to prove or make their theory plausible by means of observations and experiments. Scientist should put the theory on trial by falsification. This methodology is falsificationism. If the theory is not stand by falsification the theorem is not true. Hermeneutics is the study of interpretation and understanding. It has broad scope; its base is in literary criticism rather than linguistics. It is one of the most sophisticated ways of reading text and concerns with understanding its meaning, how it is related to its own contemporaneous world and in turn, how it is related to our present world. It is criticized for having no any theoretical base that, some argue and leads practitioners to invent underlying structures rather than discover them. iii. realism and anti-realism Realism is the position that maintain, there is a real world and that is independent of us. It is concerning with science and should therefore be to give true or approximately true description of reality. Anti-realism means there is no possible justification of believing in reality other than constructed in human mind. In anti-realism we make our own world in mind or we can say Anti-realism and idealism is very much similar. iv. Marxism, feminism and humanism Marxism is historical materialism. This theory revolves round material condition of human existing and different modes of production of societies called the capitalism. These modes create certain relationship and attitudes towards nature. This relation reforms economical based of society and its activity, it could be living matter, political system and religious belief etc. In Classical sense Marxism is a historicist in which it past detailed knowledge in order to know something about present. Feminism is holistic theory in comparison with individual conduct explained by laws, scale and social facts. Mass of feminism is related with economic of society. It is the way of justify the knowledge claims. Humanism is more of precision and assumes that human beings have consciousness, intentionality and we all are moral beings. All human being actions are voluntarily and which allowed individual exercise with their free wheel in the machine of societies. The structure of society is influenced by human and its activities. v. post-modernism Post-modernism is against the grand theory (other social theories and methods) in Post modernistic methods, several voices and theories not just only one are allowed to say and no theory is privilege over known. Post-modernism creates differences, often uses construction and analysing tool and way to understand research and difference discourses involved. In Post-modernism, knowledge is multiple and situated which means situation is depended upon circumstances. 2. What can post-modernism be accused for and what do you think about it? Post-modernism can be accused for its relativism, it makes some time impossible to choose between two different interpretations. In different prospective we have different answer in those case both answer are right and it is difficult to act which is correct and which should be judged correctly. 3. Do you think it is possible to be a pure realist or anti-realist, and naturalist or anti-naturalist? I think it is not possible to be pure realistic or anti realistic and naturalist or anti realist as a practical matter. Its depend upon in which field you are conducting your research. Realist is based on scientific theories who describes that there is real world which is independent us, while Anti realist is who takes scientific theories which is not true. Realist and anti realist behave identical in doing scientific research. The only difference is that the realist adds an extra and unnecessary assumption that the reason our best theories are so empirically useful is that they accurately describe the world as it is, whereas the anti-realist prefers not to make that assumption (Pigliucci, 2012). As an example, theory A is true or false on the basis of some empirical evidence or test and it may not in other evidence or test because there might be many theories logically coherent to give empirical evidence. Similarly, Naturalism is the way of scientific methods on the basis of empirical evidence. For doing research in natural science is based on theory, laws, data collection and experiment but in case of social science like human geography is not always based on such evidences, its also based on human behaviour and experience and its support anti naturalism. 4. Do you think it is possible to exclusively have only an empiristic or hermeneutic perspective in the search of knowledge? It is not exclusively possible either empiristic or hermeneutic in the search of knowledge. The main question arises here in which field you are doing your research; natural science or social science. Empiristic way of searching knowledge always emphasis on evidence such as; observation, data collection and experiment as the basis of scientific knowledge to justify its claim. Empiristic supports naturalism. But hermeneutic way of searching knowledge is based on number of ways of interpreting human action such as, idealism, phenomenology, postmodernism, and post -structuralism. Hermeneutic supports anti naturalism. As a researcher both prospective have to choose according to research field. The following problem requires a little bit more of time and space: 6. Write a short essay (2-3 pages long) describing some different scientific philosophies in relation to your own research area. GIS and its Philosophy: Introduction: The term Geographical Information system (GIS) or geographic information system is recent phenomena, was used in North America and frequently applied to geographically based computer technology. It is very difficult to exactly define the term GIS due to number of reasons. There has been some debate about its origin and first application in the field although there have been several technological and theoretical organizational developments during the last thirty years. The rapid rate of progress has not been conductive to the analysis and definition of GIS (Maguire: 1991). The GIS is broad field, it is characterized by diversity of applications because it is integrated systems which brings many developed ideas including agriculture, botany, computing, economics, engineering, mathematics, photogrammetry, surveying, zoology and mostly Geography together in the same platform. There is not specific theory or philosophy which exactly defines the GIS because there are many different ways of defining and classifying objects and subjects. Due to diversity application of GIS in different field, many different methods have been applied to GIS. Classifications based on functionality have been popular and some other tried to develop schemes based genealogy, cost size, platform, application area and data model (Maguirie: 1991). There are theoretical difficulties of genuine academic debate about the central focus of present GIS activity. Some people believe that GIS focuses hardware and software, other argues that the main element is information processing, some people think that GIS is just tools or is it social process? Here are some definitions given by GIS philosopher: Aronoff (1989): any manual system or computer based set of procedures used to store and manipulate geographically referenced data. Carter (1989): an institutional entity, reflecting an organizational structure that integrates technology with a database, expertise and continuing financial support over time. Parker (1998): an information technology which stores, analyses and displays both spatial and non spatial data. Dueker (1979): a special case of information systems where the database consists of observations on spatially distributed features, activities, or events ,which are definable in spaces as points, lines or areas. A GIS manipulates data about these points, lines and areas to retrieve data for ad hoc queries and analyses. GIS and Feminism: Kwan (2002) argued how some of most influential feminist were used in the critical disclosure of GIS. For example Donna Haraway (1991), Liz Bondi and Mona Domosh (1992) were criticized GIS for objectifying way of knowing and the transcendent vision or the Gods eye view it enables. But Haraway (1991) proposition about possibility for feminist to undermine the views towards the main subjects was ignored, an important aspects of her cyborg agenda was lost in critical disclosure. According to Kwan (2002), using of Haraway in asserting GIS impose systems of monitoring misses her emphasis on womens participation in science and technology. He mentioned that women engagement with GIS as an important feminist strategy for writing cyborg and warns that failure to do so can severely impact upon gender equality in Geography on the basis of recent result of enrolment and employment trends of Women Geographers. The form of another engagement with GIS is to raise the voices of feminist GIS users and researchers who spoke their personnel experience on the issue of GIS. Carol Hall (1996) explored the link between the masculinist culture of Computer work and GIS lab, where women cultural identity is dominated by constituted technology culture and turn affects their attitude towards GIS technology. Hagger (2003) mentioned about the discomfort experienced in the GIS lab, which she described as the domain of white, middle to upper class graduate geography students. GIS and Post modernism: Postmodernism theory argue for the productive view of the objects either objects in reality with essential attributes or such objects are indirectly created by people for their needs. GIS is objective subscriber because objects are located in Cartesian space. There are at least three aspects of GIS (Yapa: 1998)- it technology, disciplinary location and methodology, which maintained the distance from concern of modern social theory. In this instance, GIS played the very limited role for addressing the social problems and question related to social policy.

John Lennon Essay -- essays research papers fc

John Lennon "You've got to admit it's getting better it's getting better all the time," because of John Lennon, and the way he effected the world. "Imagine" the world without John Lennon. John Lennon had a huge effect on the world. Throughout his life Lennon was many things. He was a musician, lyricist, singer, artist, actor, humorist, political and peace activist, and writer. Because of Lennon the world was changed musically, socially, and politically. Musically he brought rock music into mainstream music. Socially he inspired a generation of teenagers. Politically he started up the movement to "Give Peace a Chance." He became the leader of the sixties, one of the most turbulent eras to date, and the role model to many people young and old around the world. John Lennon did not have any easy childhood. Lennon was born on October 9, 1940, in Liverpool, England (Bil 1). This was during the height of World War II, and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after legendary British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. Lennon's parents were divorced and his father was working on a ship away from home when he was born. When his father came back, his mother would not let his father see him. So his father tried to kidnap him. His mother could not let this happen again so she sent him to live with his Aunt Mimi and Uncle George. Aunt Mimi ran a strict household, and he did not really relate to her while he was growing up. So Lennon became a very close friend with his mother. Tragically in 1958 his mother was killed in a car accident right in front of him (Norman 1). Aunt Mimi sent him to Quarrybank Grammar School, but he was very bored and preferred writing and drawing. Lennon did not enjoy school life, and became a rebel at a young age. He often skipped class, and when he did go to class he sat and drew. His future looked very grim. When Mimi asked the headmaster of the school to write a letter of recommendation to the Liverpool School of Art, it gave everyone new hope. Lennon didn’t do well here either, while he loved to draw, he found the Liverpool School of Art too ridged and structured. He liked his drawings to be from his heart and full of emotion. He found that the curriculum did not allow him to do this. During his art exam Lennon drew cartoons, so he failed (Norman 1... ...e alive today, but "Let it Be." Works Cited Bil. "Working Class hero" Home of Classic Rock. 1997 <http://www.casagrande.com/~bilig/lenhist.html> (16 Feb. 2000). Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, et al. 1,000 People, 1,000 Years. New York: Kondansh America Inc., 1998. "John Lennon-Biography." <http://www-cds-music.com/john_lennon.htm> (16 Feb. 2000). "John Lennon." Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductees. 1994. <http://www.rockhall.com/induct/lennjohn.html> (16 Feb. 2000). "John Lennon shooting 1980." Great Events IV. 3pp. Bell & Howell Information and Learning- Proquest. 16 Feb. 2000. Morgan, Joan M. "A Tribute to John Lennon." 1999. <http://www.josnsukjournal.com/links/lennon.htm> (16 Feb. 2000). Norman, Philip, et. Al. "John Lennon Portfolio." 1998. <http://www.getback.org/bjohn.html> (16 Feb. 2000)

My Ideal School

My ideal school Education is something that makes our future better. The ideal school should be able to teach a person to make a good living and how to take care of our own responsibilities in life. My ideal should be situated at accessible area where students will have short travel time, but it is important that it’s not in the middle of the town where there are heavy traffics. It should be also far away from factories; so that it can create the learning atmosphere and students can concentrate on their lessons.The building also should be big enough to arrange the classes in an organized way and it must include all facilities that a good school need to give the students for better education. There should be also playground and recreation facilities where the students can refresh their mind during the breaks. The teachers should be able to prepare the lessons as interesting as possible and must be concerned about the students. It is necessary that they are capable enough to mot ivate the students to study in an effective way. They should help the students solve not only for learning problems but also for all the social problems.Teacher should always be ready for the students when they need help not only as a teacher but also as a parent or a friend. In my ideal school, students should not be afraid to make mistakes or ask questions. I believe that the best way to learn is by asking questions. If they don’t agree or understand, they shouldn’t hesitate to ask questions. Nobody is perfect and it is nature that everyone makes mistake. Everyone should point out other people mistakes in a good way, so that people can learn through their mistake and can be a better people.The exam marks shouldn’t be the only way to determine the student ability. There should be more practical activities to make sure the students understand and get the lesson. There should be a big knowledge garden where we can borrow books to increase our knowledge. Itâ€℠¢s important that natural light is presented in the library too. The ideal school should be the place where all the students are happy to learn for their life. It must make sure it created the atmosphere of cooperation to get the best future.

Quotes from I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings

Quotes from 'I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings' I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, a famous book by Maya Angelou, is the first in a series of seven autobiographical novels. The book has been popular since it was first published in 1969. Oprah Winfrey, who read the novel when she was 15, said in a forward to the 2015 edition of the book, ... here was a story that finally spoke to the heart of me. These quotes show the searing journey Angelou traveled transforming from a victim of rape and racism into a self-possessed, dignified young woman.   Racism In the book, Angelous character, Maya, confronts the insidious effects of racism and segregation in America at a very young age, according to SparkNotes. Racism and bigotry are major themes in the novel, as the following quotes make clear. If growing up is painful for the Southern Black girl, being aware of her displacement is the rust on the razor that threatens the throat. - PrefaceI remember never believing that whites were really real. - Chapter 4They dont really hate us. They dont know us. How can they hate us?  - Chapter 25How maddening it was to have been born in a cotton field with aspirations of grandeur.  - Chapter 30 Religion and Morality Angelou- and her protagonist in the novel, Maya- was raised with a strong sense of religion, which serves as her moral guide, according to GradeSaver. And that sense of religion and morality permeate the novel. I knew that if a person truly wanted to avoid hell and brimstone, and being roasted forever in the devils fire, all she had to do was memorize Deuteronomy and follow its teaching, word for word. - Chapter 6See, you dont have to think about doing the right thing. If youre for the right thing, then you do it without thinking.  - Chapter 36 Language and Knowledge The description on the back cover of the 2015 edition of the novel, notes that the book captures the longing of lonely children, the brute insult of bigotry, and the wonder of words that can make things right. Probably more than anything, it is the power of Angelous words- and her emphasis on understanding- that helped to shine a light on the harsh realities of bigotry and racism. Language is mans way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone that separates him from the lower animals. - Chapter 15All knowledge is spendable currency, depending on the market.​  - Chapter 28 Perseverance The novel covers the years from when Maya is 3 until she turns 15. Much of the book is about Mayas attempt to face bigotry and degradation. Finally, though, near the end of the novel she also sees the honor in surrendering- giving in- when necessary. Like most children, I thought if I could face the worst danger voluntarily, and triumph, I would forever have power over it.  - Chapter 2We are the victims of the worlds most comprehensive robbery. Life demands a balance. Its all right if we do a little robbing now.  - Chapter 29At fifteen life had taught me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice.  - Chapter 31 Fitting In In a parable for the novel- and the world around her- Maya wanders around town one night and decides to sleep in a car in a junkyard. The next morning she awakes to find a group of teenagers, composed of many races, living in the junkyard, where they get along well and are all good friends. I was never again to sense myself to solidly outside the pale of the human race. - Chapter 32 Sources Angelou, Maya, and Oprah Winfrey. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Ballantine Books, 2015. GradeSaver, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Study Guide.† SparkNotes, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Essays

Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Essays Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Paper Shakespeares Twelfth Night a play in the genre of comedy Paper Essay Topic: Twelfth Night However, within the play, arguably t the heart of it, there are other themes such as confusion and misunderstanding which lead to the question Of whether foolishness is truly at the heart of the play and if there are other themes to consider. Twelfth Night begins to suggest that foolishness and triviality will be at the centre of the play from the beginning due to the many contextual connotations it has relating to the Elizabethan festival, also known as the Feast of Fools. From this reference, the audience can already begin to predict hat not only will there be foolish behavior, but from the word feast they can deduct that there will in fact be a surplus. The festival Twelfth Night occurs annually on the 5th of January where food and drink are typically at the centre of celebrations but I rather think it consists of eating and drinking. Foolish behavior can be expected to result from this over indulgence and is clearly exhibited in Sir Toby and Sir Andrew who are foolish drunkards throughout come so early of this lethargy, resulting in some linguistic moody as well as well as many opportunities for physical comedy as a result of foolish behavior. Furthermore, the historical connotations related with Twelfth Night, similarly confirm that foolishness lies at the heart of the play as the Twelfth Night festival involved a large amount of role reversal, this too can be related to the play. Role reversal during the festival, commonly took place between people of vastly different classes; usually between someone of a lower class with that of a much higher status. Within Twelfth Night, Viola rockers to disguise herself as Corsair, a man. This class exchange is evident within the play as due to the patriarchal conventions of the time, men were seen of a much higher class than women. During the Elizabethan period, any role reversal of the sort would have caused considerable controversy and to the audience may have seemed exceedingly foolish, consequently portraying Viola as a fool, throughout the play; thus it could be argued that foolishness is present constantly and therefore at the heart of the play. Dramatic irony created from this foolish misconception further creates humor through-out as the audience is aware of Violas true identity, l am not what am, and the characters appear to be oblivious and completely unaware of the truth, hence creating more fatuous impressions of the characters.